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Monterey Bay Aquarium Guide

Quick answer

The Monterey Bay Aquarium opened on October 20, 1984 inside the Hovden Cannery, once the largest sardine plant on Cannery Row. It pumps up to 2,000 gallons of seawater per minute — nearly a billion gallons a year — straight from Monterey Bay, and its 28-foot Kelp Forest was the first successful living kelp exhibit anywhere.

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Full transcript

The Building Remembers

Knut Hovden opened his sardine cannery here in July 1916 and built it into the largest on the Row; when the fish crashed, the plant shut for good in 1973. The aquarium that replaced it opened on October 20, 1984, keeping the factory walls, the facade and the fiberglass smokestacks that rise through glass near the entrance. Inside, seawater does what it always did here — flow through the building — only now it feeds tanks instead of canning lines. Duck under the glass ceiling at the main entrance and look up at those old smokestacks.

A Living Forest Nobody Believed In

When plans were drawn, marine professionals doubted giant kelp could survive in a tank, and doubted anyone would care if it did. The builders answered with a 28-foot-tall, 343,000-gallon exhibit — nearly three stories — that became the first successful living kelp forest ever kept, complete with machines that surge the water so the fronds sway like the real coast. Barred surfperch and leopard sharks circle through it today, exactly as critics once said they never would. Sit on the bench facing this tank for one full swell cycle and watch the light move.

Otters, Surrogates and Firsts

Before opening day, staff had already hand-raised four orphaned sea otter pups — Jiggs, Goldie and Hailey among them — starting the program that made this place famous. Its surrogacy method, in which surrogate mother otters teach rescued pups to hunt before release, was a world first, and it helped pull the southern sea otter back from near-extinction. The aquarium also became the first anywhere to keep and release a great white shark — her 2004 stay in the Open Sea tank lasted 198 days. Watch the otters crack crab shells on their bellies and remember every one of them may be a teacher.

The checkable facts

  • The aquarium opened October 20, 1984 on the site of the Hovden Food Products cannery (opened 1916), keeping its facade and smokestacks
  • The Kelp Forest exhibit is 28 feet tall and holds 343,000 gallons; it was the first successful living kelp forest in an aquarium
  • Pumps push up to 2,000 gallons of seawater per minute into the building — nearly one billion gallons a year flows from the bay through and back out

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Frequently asked

Why is the aquarium inside a cannery?
Because that is what stood here. Knut Hovden's plant opened in July 1916 and grew into the biggest sardine operation on Cannery Row; after the fish collapsed it closed for good in 1973. The aquarium kept the old facade, smokestacks and much of the structure when it opened in 1984. Exhibits upstairs still reference the packing-line years of the building.
How long should I plan for a visit?
Three to four hours covers the highlights without rushing — the Kelp Forest, the Open Sea wing and an otter feeding or two. Add time if you want the Jellies exhibits or the second-floor perspectives onto the big tanks. Feeding times anchor the day, so check the schedule at the door first and build your route backward from those.
What is special about the sea otter program?
It pioneered surrogacy: female otters that cannot be released raise stranded wild pups behind the scenes, teaching them to forage so they can go back to the ocean as capable hunters. The program began before the doors even opened — staff hand-raised four orphaned pups during 1984. Rescued-and-released otters have since raised pups of their own in the wild.
Was the great white shark really a first?
Yes. In 2004 the aquarium kept a young white shark alive in the million-gallon Open Sea tank for 198 days before releasing her — something no institution had managed before. Several more followed in later years. The Open Sea tank's outer wall stands 35 feet tall, and tunas, rays and sea turtles have since joined her in that water.

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